Bioethics News.
11/20/2018
Adverse reactions to antibiotics land thousands of kids in the ER each year. What parents should know
The Washington Post
Nearly 70,000 children end up in emergency rooms every year after experiencing adverse reactions to antibiotic drugs, according to an analysis by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published in August in the Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society.
About 74 million antibiotic prescriptions are doled out to kids each year, the study notes, and past research has indicated that at least one-third of these pediatric antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary.
11/19/2018
New Peanut Allergy Drug Shows ‘Lifesaving’ Potential
The New York Times
Results from a new study may lead to approval of what could be the first drug that ameliorates potentially deadly reactions in children with severe peanut allergies.
11/16/2018
When Hospitals Merge to Save Money, Patients Often Pay More
The New York Times
The mergers have essentially banished competition and raised prices for hospital admissions in most cases, according to an examination of 25 metropolitan areas with the highest rate of consolidation from 2010 through 2013, a peak period for mergers.
11/15/2018
What if the Placebo Effect Isn’t a Trick?
The New York Times
But as ubiquitous as the phenomenon is, and as plentiful the studies that demonstrate it, the placebo effect has yet to become part of the doctor’s standard armamentarium — and not only because it has a reputation as “fake medicine” doled out by the unscrupulous to the credulous. It also has, so far, resisted a full understanding, its mechanisms shrouded in mystery. Without a clear knowledge of how it works, doctors can’t know when to deploy it, or how.
11/14/2018
F.D.A. Plans to Seek a Ban on Menthol Cigarettes
The New York Times
In a landmark move bound to further shake the tobacco industry, the Food and Drug Administration plans to propose a ban on menthol cigarettes next week as part of its aggressive campaign against flavored e-cigarettes and some tobacco products, agency officials said.
11/13/2018
Genetics research ‘biased towards studying white Europeans’
The Guardian
People from minority ethnic backgrounds are set to lose out on medical benefits of genetics research due to an overwhelming bias towards studying white European populations, a leading scientist has warned.
Prof David Curtis, a geneticist and psychiatrist at University College London, has called on funding bodies to do more to address the emerging issue that genetic tests developed using samples from white Europeans can give meaningless results when applied to other ethnic groups. The problem could intensify as the clinical applications of genetics expand over the next decade.
11/09/2018
23andMe’s genetic test for how you’ll react to medication is ahead of its time
The Verge
The doctor still isn’t supposed to suggest changing medication until they have you genetically tested again by an independent lab. “It seems to me that if a patient has an interest in their pharmacogenetic profile that could impact medication decisions, they’re probably better off just asking the physician about what testing can be done
11/09/2018
Dogs Can Detect Malaria. How Useful Is That?
The New York Times
A small pilot study has shown that dogs can accurately identify socks worn overnight by children infected with malaria parasites — even when the children had cases so mild that they were not feverish.
11/08/2018
F.D.A. Approves Powerful New Opioid Despite Warnings of Likely Abuse
The New York Times
The Food and Drug Administration on Friday approved a new form of an extremely potent opioid to manage acute pain in adults, weeks after the chairman of the advisory committee that reviewed it asked the agency to reject it on grounds that it would likely be abused.
11/07/2018
In Congo’s Ebola Outbreak, Experimental Treatments Are Proving Effective
The New York Times
Effective treatments, combined with a new vaccine, may revolutionize efforts to turn back Ebola, one of the world’s deadliest plagues. The vaccine itself protects health care workers tending to patients, as well as family members and others who have been in contact with them and may be infected.
11/06/2018
Was I part British, part Dutch, a little bit Jewish? The oddness of DNA tests.
The Washington Post
Companies such as Ancestry and National Geographic are taking a snapshot of various DNA markers, said Robert Green, a geneticist at Harvard Medical School who serves as an adviser for Helix. From that snapshot comes a statistical inference, he said. In other words, “Given this pattern, it’s likely that you came from this region,” Green said. “But it’s not a certainty, and shouldn’t be read as a certainty.”
11/05/2018
Apple Heart Study not used to gain FDA clearance for Apple Watch Series 4 ECG
Apple Insider
The Apple Heart Study, conducted in partnership with Stanford Medicine, collected heart rate data from more than 400,000 Apple Watch users in its attempt to determine whether wearable devices can effectively detect irregular heart rhythms. Contrary to previous reports, however, the results were not used to gain clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for Apple Watch Series 4’s ECG feature.
11/03/2018
APPLE’S HEART STUDY IS THE BIGGEST EVER, BUT WITH A CATCH
Wired
Here’s the thing: Even if the Apple Watch excels at detecting undiagnosed AF (a big if), using it to screen large numbers of asymptomatic people isn’t necessarily a good idea.
11/02/2018
Aging can be hard for those in the trans community
The Washington Post
“We were both aware that in the LGBTQ world, there’s a fair amount of ageism and lack of awareness about aging, and in the aging world there’s a fair amount of homophobia and transphobia and lack of awareness of LGBTQ issues, especially trans identities.”
11/01/2018
How discovery of insulin may have been delayed at least a decade
The Washington Post
“Discoveries are delicate things,” Friedman writes, and the tale he tells is just as intricate, weaving together Kleiner’s lost story with that of Frederick Banting and John MacLeod, the better-known scientists whose eventual discovery of insulin earned them a Nobel Prize.
10/31/2018
FDA set to approve potent opioid for market despite adviser’s objections
The Washington Post
The Food and Drug Administration is poised to approve a new form of a powerful opioid for use in hospitals and emergency rooms despite opposition from the head of the committee that reviewed the drug.
10/30/2018
Amgen Slashes the Price of a Promising Cholesterol Drug
New York Times
Insurers have been reluctant to broadly cover the drugs, instead requiring patients and their doctors to demonstrate why the patients could not instead take the cheaper alternative — statins. The drug companies have fought back, enlisting the help of patient advocacy groups that receive donations from the manufacturers to make the point that the insurers’ restrictions are unfair.
10/29/2018
Altria to Stop Selling Some E-Cigarette Brands That Appeal to Youths
New York Times
Under pressure to curb vaping among young people, the tobacco giant Altria announced on Thursday that it would discontinue most of its flavored e-cigarettes and stop selling some brands altogether.
10/26/2018
Drugmakers may have to disclose prices of medicine in television ads
The Washington Post
The nation’s top health official proposed on Monday that pharmaceutical companies be required to include the list price of medicines in television advertisements to consumers.
10/25/2018
Scientists argue heart stem cell trial should be paused
The Washington Post
Sick people should not be subjected to the risks of an experiment whose underlying science has been called into question.
10/24/2018
The Results of Your Genetic Test Are Reassuring. But That Can Change.
The New York Times
Laboratories frequently “reclassify” genetic mutations. But there is no reliable system for telling patients or doctors that the results of their genetic tests are no longer valid.
10/23/2018
Why White Supremacists Are Chugging Milk (and Why Geneticists Are Alarmed)
The New York Times
Worry about how new tools are allowing us to home in on the genetic basis of hot-button traits like intelligence will be misconstrued to fit racist ideologies.
10/22/2018
Elizabeth Warren and the Folly of Genetic Ancestry Tests
The New York Times
Identity is socially, politically and legally determined, even if shaped by genetics. Yet, genetic ancestry testing does not offer insights about these dynamics. So we can’t look to DNA to settle debates about identity.
10/20/2018
The culprit’s name remains unknown. But he licked a stamp, and now his DNA stands indicted.
The Washington Post
There was just enough spit on the back of the 9-cent stamp to piece together the identity of the person who licked it. Everything except for his name.
10/19/2018
Why I Wanted to Learn to Perform Abortions
The New York Times
These personal and medical decisions are difficult enough. Now the specter of legislation is creeping into doctors’ offices and labor and delivery suites. Conversations we should never entertain — ones that start with, “Is she sick enough yet?” — are becoming more common.
10/18/2018
Social regulation of a rudimentary organ generates complex worker-caste systems in ants
Nature
The origin of complex worker-caste systems in ants perplexed Darwin and has remained an enduring problem for evolutionary and developmental biology.
10/17/2018
When ICU Delirium Leads To Symptoms Of Dementia After Discharge
NPR
Doctors have gradually come to realize that people who survive a serious brush with death in the intensive care unit are likely to develop potentially serious problems with their memory and thinking processes.
10/16/2018
The Big Number: 23 percent lower risk of ovarian cancer with low-dose aspirin
The Washington Post
Now, researchers have found that women who regularly took a low-dose aspirin — generally 81 milligrams — were 23 percent less likely to develop ovarian cancer than were women who did not take this type of aspirin.